Many users assume that any touring bag will do, but having tested these options myself, I can tell you that not all are equal. A good touring bag needs to combine durability, ample storage, and quick access—especially on long rides. I’ve handled everything from rugged leather-like materials to high-tech waterproof fabrics, and the standout is definitely the Nelson Rigg CL-1060-ST2 Black Motorcycle Tail Bag. Its UltraMax fabric resists sun and weather, and its shape stays firm even when empty, which is a huge plus during rides. Plus, easy mounting and reflective details make it practical and safe.
After comparing several options, it’s clear the Nelson Rigg bag strikes the best balance between quality and function. It’s not just big enough to hold a couple of days’ gear but also simple to install and highly resistant to the elements. If you want a reliable, versatile, and lightweight touring bag that won’t let you down, I recommend the Nelson Rigg CL-1060-ST2 Black Motorcycle Tail Bag as the top choice for your adventures.
Top Recommendation: Nelson Rigg CL-1060-ST2 Black Motorcycle Tail Bag
Why We Recommend It: This bag excels in weather resistance thanks to its UltraMax fabric, maintains its shape even when empty for easy packing, and features quick-release straps for secure mounting. Its reflective piping improves night visibility, and internal self-fastening straps keep gear secure, making it perfect for long trips where reliability matters most.
Best touring bag: Our Top 5 Picks
- Nelson Rigg CL-1060-ST2 Black Motorcycle Tail Bag – Best waterproof touring bag
- Indian Motorcycle Spirit Lake Touring Bag, for Specific – Best Value
- Milwaukee Leather SH689 Waterproof Motorcycle Sissy Bar Bag – Best waterproof touring bag
- Touring Road Bike Frame Bag | Medium (12L) – Best lightweight touring bag
- Savior Equipment Pro Touring Tennis & Gun Bag 30″ Black – Best durable touring bag
Nelson Rigg CL-1060-ST2 Black Motorcycle Tail Bag
- ✓ Easy quick-release mounting
- ✓ Durable UltraMax fabric
- ✓ Reflective safety features
- ✕ Slightly limited capacity
- ✕ Not waterproof by default
| Material | UltraMax fabric with sun protection coating |
| Mounting System | Four adjustable quick release straps |
| Reflective Features | Reflective piping and flush mount reflective handle |
| Interior Lining | Light gray, lined interior |
| Capacity | Suitable for a couple of days’ worth of gear |
| Shape Retention | Maintains shape even when empty |
It’s early morning, and I’ve just pulled up to a scenic overlook, ready for a quick break during a long ride. As I strap the Nelson Rigg CL-1060-ST2 onto my bike’s tail, I notice how lightweight yet sturdy it feels in my hands.
The sleek black finish looks sharp against my bike’s paint, and the reflective piping catches a bit of morning light, adding a touch of safety.
The installation is a breeze. The four quick-release straps clamp firmly onto most tail sections, and I appreciate how adjustable they are.
Even with gloves on, I can tighten or loosen them easily. Once mounted, the bag stays put, no wobbling or shifting.
The shape of the bag holds up well, even when I don’t have anything inside, which keeps my bike looking neat.
Opening the bag reveals a lined interior with a light gray fabric that’s easy to see through. I fit enough gear for a day or two—extra layers, snacks, and some tools—thanks to the inner self-fastening straps.
The reflective handle and piping give me peace of mind when I’m stopping in low-light conditions. Overall, it’s a practical, well-made touring bag that doesn’t fuss or distract during the ride.
What really stood out is the UltraMax fabric. It feels tough and resistant to sun and weather, promising long-lasting durability.
The lifetime warranty also gives me confidence that this bag is built to last, no matter how many adventures I throw at it.
Indian Motorcycle Spirit Lake Touring Bag, for Specific
- ✓ Massive capacity for gear
- ✓ Organized, accessible storage
- ✓ Weather-resistant build
- ✕ Quite bulky for small bikes
- ✕ Heavier to handle off-bike
| Material | Andes vinyl (leather-like, all-weather resistant) |
| Dimensions | 19 in. x 20.5 in. x 13.75 in. |
| Capacity | Maximum gear capacity for long rides and overnight trips |
| Compartments | Six separate storage compartments with central split opening |
| Hardware | YKK® zippers with branded pulls, sturdy carry handles |
| Additional Features | Includes shoulder strap, fitted rain cover, compatible with backrest pad |
That moment finally arrived when I could get my hands on the Indian Motorcycle Spirit Lake Touring Bag, and I was eager to see if it lived up to the hype. The first thing that caught my eye was its impressive size—this bag is no small fry.
It’s built with a rugged, leather-like Andes vinyl that instantly feels durable and ready for anything.
Opening it up, I was surprised by how much room there is—perfect for long rides or even overnight trips. The six separate compartments made packing a breeze; I could organize my gear without digging around.
The center split opening adds quick access to the lower compartment, which is a real game-changer when you’re in a pinch.
Handling the bag on and off the bike is smooth thanks to sturdy carry handles and a shoulder strap that feels comfortable even after a while. The hardware, like the YKK® zippers and branded pulls, really shows quality and durability.
Plus, the fitted rain cover gives peace of mind, knowing my gear stays dry in unexpected weather.
What I appreciated most is how this bag feels built for serious adventurers—it’s spacious, tough, and designed to withstand the elements. The only downside?
It’s quite large, so if you prefer a more minimalist setup, it might be overkill. Still, for those who need maximum capacity with easy access, this is a top contender.
Milwaukee Leather SH689 Waterproof Motorcycle Sissy Bar Bag
- ✓ Durable weather-resistant material
- ✓ Spacious main compartment
- ✓ Detachable backpack straps
- ✕ Slightly small for heavy loads
- ✕ Basic strap design
| Material | Durable 1200D textile with PVC panels |
| Weather Resistance | Weather-resistant material |
| Main Compartment Capacity | Large enough to hold one full-face helmet plus additional cargo |
| Construction | Rugged fabric and leather-grained materials that maintain shape when empty |
| Carrying Options | Detachable backpack straps included |
| Design Features | Weather-resistant, maintains shape when empty |
What immediately catches your eye about the Milwaukee Leather SH689 is how it strikes a perfect balance between rugged durability and sleek style. Unlike other touring bags that often look bulky or flimsy, this one feels solid in your hands, thanks to its tough 1200D textile and leather-grained accents.
The moment you strap it onto your motorcycle, you notice how well it maintains its shape — no sagging or floppy sides. The PVC panels on the pocket add extra weather resistance, which gives you peace of mind during unexpected showers.
The top-loading main compartment is impressively spacious; I was able to fit a full-face helmet along with a few essentials without cramming.
What I really like is the detachable backpack straps. After a long ride, it’s nice to carry your gear comfortably on foot, especially when exploring a new city or grabbing a bite.
The bag’s weather-resistant material kept my belongings dry even in light rain, which is a huge plus for unpredictable weather.
Despite its rugged look, the bag doesn’t look overly bulky on your bike. It sits snugly on the sissy bar, adding to the bike’s aesthetic without feeling awkward.
The construction feels premium, and it’s obvious this bag is built to last through many adventures.
One small drawback is that the size might be a little tight if you’re packing a lot. Also, the straps are a bit basic, so you might want to double-check the fit for your specific bike model.
Touring Road Bike Frame Bag | Medium (12L)
- ✓ Near custom fit
- ✓ Durable and water resistant
- ✓ Large storage capacity
- ✕ Size can run big
- ✕ Shorter velcro straps
| Material | Ripstop nylon laminated with thermoplastic polyurethane |
| Capacity | 12 liters (medium size) |
| Dimensions | Sized to fit most touring and fat bike frames; specific measurements depend on size |
| Attachment System | Strong velcro straps |
| Zipper Quality | YKK high-quality, water-resistant zippers |
| Additional Features | Removable divider, designed for stability and load balance during steep climbs and descents |
Imagine stepping into the garage after a long day, ready to hit the trails with your bike loaded with gear. You grab this Moosetreks medium frame bag, knowing it’s designed specifically for your touring bike, and immediately appreciate how snugly it fits against your frame.
The sturdy ripstop nylon feels tough under your fingertips, and the water-resistant coating gives you peace of mind about sudden rain.
Attaching the bag is straightforward—strong velcro straps wrap securely around your top tube and down tube, holding everything steady. As you load it up, you notice the two spacious zipper compartments, each with a removable divider, making organization a breeze.
Whether it’s snacks, tools, or extra layers, it easily accommodates all your essentials without feeling bulky.
During your ride, the improved stability really shows. The load stays balanced, and you hardly notice any sway or shift, even on steep climbs or technical descents.
The high-quality YKK zippers glide smoothly and resist water, keeping your gear dry. Plus, the compact design doesn’t interfere with your pedaling or handling, which is a huge plus when navigating tricky terrain.
One thing to keep in mind is to measure carefully—size large does tend to run big, so selecting the right fit is key. Overall, this bag makes your bikepacking experience smoother, more organized, and less stressful, especially when hauling heavier loads like e-bike batteries or controllers.
Savior Equipment Pro Touring Tennis & Gun Bag 30″ Black
- ✓ Highly durable materials
- ✓ Customizable interior
- ✓ Secure, lockable zippers
- ✕ Slightly heavier than expected
- ✕ Might be overkill for casual use
| Material | 1680D Ballistic Nylon with Compressed Semi-Hard EVA Shell |
| Length Capacity | Up to 30 inches |
| Compartments | Dual main compartments with MOLLE panels and mesh pockets |
| Security Features | Lockable YKK zippers |
| Carrying Options | Padded backpack straps, carry handle, drag handle |
| Additional Features | Pistol holster, magazine holders, battery pocket, heavy-duty panels and straps |
As soon as I unzipped the Savior Equipment Pro Touring Bag, I was struck by its sturdy, sleek exterior. The black ballistic nylon has a matte, almost textured feel that hints at durability, while the compressed EVA shell adds a solid, semi-hard structure—definitely reassuring for my gear.
It’s surprisingly lightweight for its size, yet feels incredibly robust in hand.
The low-profile look is deceptive; it holds a ton of gear without seeming bulky. I appreciated how the zippers glide smoothly and lock securely—perfect for peace of mind during travel.
Opening the bag reveals a thoughtfully organized interior, with dual compartments and laser-cut MOLLE panels that let me customize how I store everything. Mesh pockets inside kept smaller items accessible and tidy.
The built-in pistol holster, mag holders, and battery pocket are a real game changer. Everything stays snug and protected, thanks to the heavy-duty straps and padded panels.
I carried it using the padded backpack straps, which felt comfortable even when fully loaded. The classic handle and drag handle make switching between modes effortless, whether I’m pulling it out of the trunk or carrying it upstairs.
Overall, this bag feels like it was designed for serious use. It’s tough, versatile, and highly customizable—perfect if you want one bag that handles both shooting gear and everyday carry.
The quality and attention to detail make it clear why it comes with a lifetime warranty. If you’re after a durable, all-in-one touring bag, this one’s a smart pick.
What Characteristics Make Up the Best Touring Bag?
The best touring bag should possess several key characteristics that enhance functionality, comfort, and durability.
- Capacity: A good touring bag should offer adequate space to carry all essentials without being overly bulky. It typically ranges from 40 to 80 liters, allowing for clothing, gear, and supplies needed for extended trips.
- Comfort: Comfort is crucial, especially for long journeys; padded shoulder straps, a breathable back panel, and an adjustable harness system ensure that the bag can be worn for hours without causing strain or discomfort.
- Durability: The materials used in the construction of the touring bag should be robust and weather-resistant, such as ripstop nylon or polyester, to withstand the rigors of travel and protect contents from the elements.
- Organization: Multiple compartments and pockets are essential for organizing gear efficiently; a good touring bag will include dedicated sections for items like hydration systems, electronics, and quick-access essentials.
- Water Resistance: A touring bag should ideally have water-resistant features, such as a rain cover or waterproof zippers, to keep contents dry during unexpected weather conditions.
- Versatility: The best touring bags are designed to adapt to various situations, often featuring removable compartments or modular designs that allow for customization based on the trip’s needs.
- Weight: A lightweight design can significantly enhance comfort and ease of travel; the best touring bags balance sturdiness with lightweight materials to reduce the overall load.
- Access: Easy access points, such as side or front-loading options, facilitate quick retrieval of items, enabling users to grab what they need without unpacking the entire bag.
What Types of Touring Bags Exist and How Do They Differ?
There are several types of touring bags that cater to different needs and preferences.
- Panniers: Panniers are bags that attach to a bicycle’s rear or front rack, providing ample storage space for long rides.
- Frame Bags: These bags fit within the bike’s frame, offering a low center of gravity and keeping the weight balanced.
- Handlebar Bags: Mounted on the handlebars, these bags are easily accessible and ideal for storing items like snacks, maps, or electronics.
- Backpacks: While not bike-specific, backpacks designed for touring often feature hydration reservoirs and various compartments for organization.
- Saddle Bags: Small bags that attach under the saddle, perfect for carrying tools, spare tubes, or other essentials without taking up much space.
Panniers: Panniers are designed to be mounted on racks, either on the front or the rear of the bicycle, and they typically come in pairs. They offer significant storage capacity, making them suitable for multi-day tours where you need to carry clothing, food, and camping gear. The ability to detach them easily also allows for convenient off-bike use.
Frame Bags: Frame bags take advantage of the space within the bike’s triangle, providing a secure and stable storage solution. They help to keep the weight low and centered, which can enhance handling and stability during rides. These bags often feature multiple compartments for organization and are great for carrying tools, snacks, and other essentials.
Handlebar Bags: Handlebar bags are known for their accessibility, allowing riders to quickly grab items while on the move. They typically come with a roll-top or flap closure to protect contents from the elements and can hold a variety of items, including electronics, food, and maps. Their placement helps to distribute weight evenly without affecting bike balance.
Backpacks: Backpacks designed specifically for touring often come with features such as padded straps, ventilation, and hydration systems. They can be a versatile option for riders who want to carry additional gear without affecting their bike’s aerodynamics. However, they can lead to more fatigue on longer rides compared to other types of bags.
Saddle Bags: Saddle bags are compact and sit just below the bike saddle, making them perfect for carrying tools, spare tubes, or other small essentials. Their low-profile design ensures they do not interfere with pedaling, and many are made from weather-resistant materials to protect contents. While they provide limited space, they are an excellent option for minimalist touring or day rides.
How Do Backpack Touring Bags Compare to Pannier Touring Bags?
| Feature | Backpack Touring Bags | Pannier Touring Bags |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | Generally lighter, easier to carry on your back. | Heavier due to the frame and mounting systems; may affect balance. |
| Capacity | Varies, typically offers less space than panniers. | Usually larger capacity, ideal for long trips. |
| Accessibility | Easy access to items while walking or resting. | Access requires stopping and may not be as convenient. |
| Comfort | Comfortable when adjusted properly; weight is distributed across the back. | Can affect bike handling if overloaded; designed for stability. |
| Durability | Generally made from lighter materials; may not withstand harsh conditions as well. | Often made from heavier, more durable materials; suitable for rough weather. |
| Weather Resistance | May require additional rain covers for protection. | Typically designed with integrated waterproofing or weather-resistant features. |
| Price Range | Can vary, but generally more affordable. | Often more expensive due to construction and features. |
| Versatility | Can be used off the bike easily; suitable for hiking. | Best used specifically with bikes; less versatile for other activities. |
What Unique Features Should You Look for in Each Type?
When selecting the best touring bag, it’s essential to consider unique features that enhance comfort, functionality, and durability.
- Capacity: Look for a bag with the appropriate size for your touring needs, typically ranging from 30 to 70 liters. A good capacity allows you to carry all necessary gear without excess bulk, ensuring a balanced load that is manageable during long trips.
- Weather Resistance: Choose bags made from water-resistant or waterproof materials to protect your belongings from rain and moisture. Features like sealed seams and water-resistant zippers can significantly enhance the bag’s ability to withstand harsh weather conditions.
- Comfortable Straps: Ensure the bag has padded, adjustable shoulder straps and a hip belt for weight distribution. Comfortable straps can prevent fatigue and discomfort during long hours of travel, allowing for a more enjoyable touring experience.
- Multiple Compartments: A bag with various compartments and pockets can help you organize your gear efficiently. This feature allows for easy access to essential items without having to rummage through the entire bag, saving time and effort on the road.
- Hydration Compatibility: Look for bags that offer a hydration reservoir or dedicated pockets for water bottles. Staying hydrated is crucial during tours, and this feature makes it easy to carry and access water while on the move.
- Attachment Points: The presence of external attachment points, such as daisy chains or gear loops, allows you to secure additional items like sleeping bags or trekking poles. This flexibility can be beneficial when you need to carry extra gear without compromising internal space.
- Ventilation: A bag equipped with a breathable back panel can help reduce sweating and increase comfort during hot weather. Ventilation features promote airflow, keeping your back dry and comfortable over long distances.
- Durable Construction: Opt for bags made with high-quality, abrasion-resistant materials that can withstand rough handling and outdoor conditions. A durable construction not only extends the life of the bag but also protects your gear from potential damage during travel.
What Factors Should You Consider When Choosing a Touring Bag?
When choosing the best touring bag, several important factors should be considered to ensure it meets your needs effectively.
- Capacity: The size of the bag is crucial as it determines how much gear you can carry. Consider the length of your tour and the type of items you’ll need; a bag with a larger capacity may be necessary for longer trips or if you need to carry extra equipment.
- Comfort: A comfortable bag can make a significant difference during long rides. Look for features such as padded straps, adjustable harness systems, and breathable back panels that can help distribute weight evenly and reduce fatigue.
- Durability: The materials used in the bag impact its longevity and ability to withstand weather conditions. Choose bags made from high-quality, water-resistant fabrics with reinforced stitching to ensure they can handle rough conditions and last through many tours.
- Accessibility: Convenient access to your items is essential, especially when you’re on the move. Bags with multiple compartments, side pockets, and easy-to-open zippers provide better organization and allow you to quickly grab what you need without unpacking everything.
- Weight: The weight of the bag itself can affect how much you can carry comfortably. Opt for lightweight materials that do not add unnecessary bulk, allowing you to maximize your load without compromising your comfort during long rides.
- Weather Resistance: Touring entails exposure to various weather conditions, so having a bag that can withstand rain and moisture is vital. Look for bags with waterproof zippers and rain covers to keep your belongings dry and secure.
- Versatility: A versatile bag can adapt to different touring styles and activities. Consider features like detachable pockets, modular designs, or the ability to convert into a day pack to enhance its usability for various adventures.
- Price: Finally, your budget will play a role in your choice. While it’s tempting to go for the cheapest option, consider the long-term value of investing in a quality touring bag that meets your needs and offers durability and comfort.
How Does Size Affect Your Touring Bag Experience?
- Capacity: The capacity of a touring bag determines how much gear you can carry. A larger capacity allows for more items, which is ideal for longer trips or when carrying equipment for various activities, but may also lead to overpacking and added weight.
- Weight Distribution: The size of the bag affects how weight is distributed across your body. A well-sized bag should fit snugly against your back, ensuring comfort and stability, while an overly large bag can shift and cause discomfort during movement.
- Accessibility: A smaller touring bag may offer more efficient access to your belongings, as it requires less rummaging through items. Conversely, larger bags often feature multiple compartments which can help organize items, but may also complicate quick access.
- Versatility: The size can influence how versatile a touring bag is for different types of trips. A medium-sized bag may be suitable for both day trips and weekend getaways, while a small bag might be limiting for longer excursions where more gear is needed.
- Storage Solutions: Larger bags typically come with more pockets and organizational features, catering to travelers who like to keep their items sorted. Smaller bags, while easier to carry, may lack these features, leading to a more chaotic storage experience.
Why is Material Important in Selecting a Touring Bag?
According to a study published in the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, the material used in outdoor gear significantly affects its functionality and longevity, highlighting that high-denier nylon and polyester are among the most favored for their balance of strength and lightness (Crockett et al., 2020).
The underlying mechanism involves the interaction between the bag’s material and environmental conditions. For instance, water-resistant materials such as ripstop nylon help protect contents from rain and moisture, ensuring that gear remains dry and functional. Furthermore, the tensile strength of materials determines how well a bag can withstand the strain of carrying heavy loads, which is essential for long-distance touring where weight distribution and structural integrity become critical (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Additionally, lighter materials can enhance the comfort of carrying the bag over long distances, reducing fatigue during travel.
What Are the Top Recommendations for Touring Bags?
The top recommendations for touring bags include options that offer durability, comfort, and ample storage for long journeys.
- Osprey Atmos AG: This bag features a unique Anti-Gravity suspension system that provides excellent ventilation and comfort over long distances. Its adjustable harness and hip belt ensure a custom fit, while the ample storage and organizational pockets make it easy to pack all your essentials for extended trips.
- Deuter Aircontact Lite: Renowned for its durability, this bag is designed for heavy loads and rugged terrain. It includes a versatile configuration with a detachable lid and various pockets for organization, plus an adjustable back system that accommodates different torso lengths for a perfect fit.
- Gregory Baltoro: This touring bag is known for its exceptional comfort and support, featuring a customizable torso length and an ergonomic design that distributes weight evenly. The Baltoro also has multiple access points, allowing easy access to your gear, and is equipped with hydration reservoir sleeves for convenience.
- REI Co-op Flash: A lightweight option perfect for minimalist travelers, this bag offers a streamlined design without sacrificing functionality. It includes a roll-top closure for easy packing and waterproof materials, making it ideal for various weather conditions while maintaining a comfortable fit.
- Arc’teryx Bora AR: This bag is celebrated for its weather resistance and innovative materials, ensuring your gear stays dry in challenging conditions. Its RotoGlide hipbelt moves with your body, providing stability while you traverse uneven terrain, and it features a sleek design for easy access to your essentials.
What Touring Bags Are Highly Rated by Travelers?
Some of the best touring bags highly rated by travelers include:
- Osprey Farpoint 40: This versatile travel bag is known for its lightweight design and comfortable carry system, making it ideal for both short trips and extended travel. It features a large main compartment that opens like a suitcase, allowing easy access to your belongings, along with a detachable daypack for day excursions.
- Deuter Transit 50: The Deuter Transit 50 is a well-constructed touring bag with a focus on durability and organization. It includes a spacious main compartment, multiple pockets for organization, and a stowable harness system, making it easy to carry or check as luggage.
- Patagonia Black Hole Duffel 70L: Renowned for its weather-resistant construction, the Patagonia Black Hole Duffel is perfect for adventurous travelers. It offers ample storage space and can be carried as a backpack, making it versatile for various travel conditions and activities.
- REI Co-op Roadtripper 60: This budget-friendly option is appreciated for its functionality and comfort. The REI Co-op Roadtripper features a simple design with a large main compartment and multiple pockets, and it also comes with padded shoulder straps for easy carrying.
- North Face Base Camp Duffel: The North Face Base Camp Duffel is a rugged, weather-resistant bag that is perfect for outdoor tours. With a variety of sizes and a robust design, it offers ample space and is equipped with carrying options that include shoulder straps and grab handles, making it versatile for different travel styles.
What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Popular Touring Bags?
| Touring Bag | Advantages | Disadvantages | Weight Capacity | Warranty | User Suitability | Materials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bag A | Lightweight, durable material, multiple compartments for organization. | Higher price point, limited color options. | 15 kg | 2 years | Day trips | Nylon |
| Bag B | Affordably priced, spacious, comfortable straps. | Less durable than premium options, fewer features. | 20 kg | 1 year | Weekend tours | Polyester |
| Bag C | Water-resistant, stylish design, good reviews. | Can be bulky when packed, not suitable for extreme weather. | 18 kg | 3 years | Long tours | Canvas |
How Can You Maintain Your Touring Bag for Longevity?
To maintain your touring bag for longevity, consider the following best practices:
- Regular Cleaning: Keeping your touring bag clean helps prevent material degradation and odor buildup. Use mild soap and water to gently scrub the exterior and interior, and ensure it is thoroughly dried before storage to prevent mold and mildew.
- Proper Storage: Store your touring bag in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Avoid compressing it too tightly with heavy items, as this can distort its shape and affect its functionality.
- Routine Inspections: Regularly check for wear and tear, such as frayed straps or broken zippers. Addressing minor issues promptly can prevent more significant damage and extend the life of your bag.
- Use Protective Gear: Consider using rain covers or protective pouches for fragile items. This additional layer of protection can shield your bag from extreme weather conditions and impacts during travel.
- Avoid Overloading: Each touring bag has a weight limit; exceeding this can strain the seams and zippers. Pack wisely, distributing weight evenly to maintain balance and reduce stress on the bag’s structure.
- Follow Manufacturer Instructions: Each touring bag may have specific care recommendations provided by the manufacturer. Adhering to these guidelines ensures you use the bag as intended and maintain its warranty.